Which species of Enterobacteriaceae is known to cause plague?

• A. Salmonella enterica
• B. Escherichia coli
• C. Yersinia pestis
• D. Shigella flexneri

Answer: (C)

Yersinia pestis is the species of Enterobacteriaceae that is well-known as the causative agent of plague. This bacterium is transmitted primarily through flea bites or contact with infected animals and has historically been responsible for pandemics, notably the Black Death in the 14th century. It is important to recognize the distinct characteristics of Yersinia pestis, which include its ability to evade the host immune response and its virulence factors that facilitate infection and spread.

In contrast, the other options listed do not cause plague. Salmonella enterica is primarily associated with foodborne illnesses and gastroenteritis, while Escherichia coli includes strains that can cause a range of illnesses but is not associated with plague. Shigella flexneri causes shigellosis, which is characterized by severe diarrhea, but it does not relate to plague or Yersinia pestis. Thus, Yersinia pestis is correctly identified as the species responsible for this serious infectious disease.